Introduction
Constipation is very common and most people experience it at one time or another. There is in fact a medical definition of constipation, which is when someone has less than three bowel movements in seven days, or where having those bowel movements is painful due to the stools being either hard or small. In fact, some people who are constipated may not be aware that they fit this definition.
Symptoms
If, in addition to simply not being able to go to the toilet, any of the following symptoms appear, you should go and see your doctor…
- Rectal bleeding.
- Abdominal pain.
- Weight loss – where this is otherwise unexplained.
- Ongoing weakness / fatigue.
- Fever.
Causes
Many cases of constipation are caused by changes to diet, such as either eating a greater amount of dairy food or a decrease in fibre intake (ie vegetables, fruit and grains) or simply not drinking enough water. Lower than normal levels of physical activity can also lead to constipation.
Other common causes of the condition include:
- Anal fissure, which can make going to the toilet painful, leading to constipation.
- Pregnancy and childbirth.
- Medications – constipation is a side effect for common medications, especially painkillers containing codeine.
- Psychological reasons.
If constipation does not resolve itself when any of these factors have been discounted (or if it continues for a period of time) it is important to have it checked, as it may be caused by a more serious underlying condition.
Tests & Diagnosis
The following are commonly used to help in the diagnosis of constipation:
- Imaging tests such as x-rays, CT scans or nuclear medicine scans.
- Colonoscopy.
Treatment will depend on the exact cause of the constipation. In some cases, taking a laxative may help soften the faeces. Consult your doctor if your symptoms do not resolve.
